Leadership Networks

Improving and Evaluating Results with Social Network Analysis

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Thursday, 28 May 2009 00:00 Bruce Hoppe

[The following was originally posted to Connectedness September 8, 2005. Reprinted with permission of the author.]

How can we contain the AIDS epidemic in Africa? How do new ideas take hold in an organization? Social network analysts frame both of these questions in terms of diffusion. And as experts in the field, social network analysts might be expected to practice optimal strategies in combatting STDs and spreading good ideas fast. But we are human too (thank god). So perhaps it is not surprising that I can still impress my colleagues as an innovator by sharing an article published twelve years ago in the Harvard Business Review.

The ancient scroll to which I refer is "Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart" by David Krackhardt and Jeffrey Hansen. The article features a case study of David Leers, CEO of a California computer firm:

When rivalries flare among his four divisions, Leers decides to bring key leaders from each division together into a strategic task force. His initial choice of leaders turns out to be off the mark, but a careful look at information, advice, and trust networks in the company helps him see how to resolve the situation.

As I mentioned, several colleagues of mine have been positively blown away by this article. So the big question is, how can an HBR article from 1993 still strike people as "the next big thing"? I went straight to the source and asked David Krackhardt that very question. Here's what he had to say:

"I think that one of the reasons is that there are a lot more software packages that support analyzing these networks in ways that were not possible before. Up until fairly recently, all of us in the field were also programmers, having to write our own code to do the analysis (and and visual renderings). Coupled with the high profile interest that physicists have taken in the area, and you have lots more exposure. And some of this work is also tapping into large scale networks, like the WWW or email connections, which in some ways is much easier data to collect and write about."

Speaking of software packages for SNA, I put David's HBR case study into Steve Borgatti's NetDraw and came up with this image of the advice network:
Each division is a different color. The size of the node corresponds to the influence that individual has over the advice network. Then, since the trust network also plays a key role in this case study, I represented influence over the trust network by scaling the size of the node labels (i.e., trusted individuals literally have big names). Near the middle of the network, you can see a big yellow node illegibly labelled "Calder" because Calder is so professionally competent and at the same time personally abrasive. Not necessarily good leadership material.

Unlike 1993, the problem with SNA today is preventing information overload. There are so many networks we can collect data on, and so many gee-whiz tools to display them, that it's important to keep focused on the big picture.

 

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Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 2925

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 2925

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 2929

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 2929

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 2980

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 2980

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3002

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3002

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3007

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3007

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3011

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3011

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3015

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3015

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3019

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3019

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3301

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3301

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3333

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3333

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3363

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3363

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3386

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3386

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3397

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3397

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3407

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3407

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3429

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3429

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3443

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3443

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3470

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3470

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3496

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3496

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3685

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3685

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3698

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3698

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3719

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3719

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3732

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3732

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3760

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3760

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3774

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3774

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3796

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3796

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3810

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3810

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3984

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 3984

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4020

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4020

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4056

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4056

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4082

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4082

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4111

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4111

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4125

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4125

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4156

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4156

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4186

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4186

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4339

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4339

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4364

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4364

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4396

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4396

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4422

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4422

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4476

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4476

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4605

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4605

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4641

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4641

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4674

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4674

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4705

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4705

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4809

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4809

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4841

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4841

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4880

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4880

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4916

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4916

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4951

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4951

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4986

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 4986

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 5309

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 5309

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 6505

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 6505

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 6566

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 6566

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 6675

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 6675

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 7551

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 7551

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10118

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10118

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10183

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10183

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10208

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10208

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10739

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10739

Warning: include() [function.include]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Chicago' for 'CDT/-5.0/DST' instead in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10748

Deprecated: Assigning the return value of new by reference is deprecated in /home/connecti/public_html/joomla15/libraries/simplepie/simplepie.php on line 10748